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23.05.2013:
What Cities Want study looks into tomorrow
21.05.2013:
CityMobil2 project launches its website
20.05.2013:
CIVITAS II Policy advice notes
Aachen
Status Quo:
Aachen is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia with about 258,000 inhabitants in 2009. The traffic situation in Aachen has dramatically increased in the recent years, i.e. the number of registered vehicles increased from 658,000 in 2001 towards 770,000 in 2007 (chamber of commerce Aachen).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (7 refuelling stations), GPL (29 refuelling stations), methanol (4 refuelling stations), and flexifuel E85 (one station) in the Aachen area. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently, there is listed one hydrogen refuelling station in the city of Aachen.
Regional Information Sources
Augsburg
Status Quo:
Augsbu
rg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria in Germany. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a population exceeding 264,000 citizens. During the past years, substantial efforts have been taken on to improve Augsburg’s local public transport. Augsburg was taken as an exemplary city for gas powered vehicles. Environmental friendly trams and natural gas powered buses have replaced most diesel powered buses (the remaining ones are now powered by biodiesel) and most stopping places are barrier-free to disabled people.
Facts on vehicle fleet and numbers of passengers:
- Stadtwerke Augsburg Verkehrs-GmbH: As at end of 2006: 100 buses, 84% of them are natural gas powered.
- Stadtwerke Augsburg Energie-GmbH: approx. 300 cars and transporters, 80% of them are natural gas powered.
Fuelling Infrastructure
To ensure that the natural gas-powered buses in public transport can be fuelled as fast as the diesel-powered buses (within 4 minutes), a high-capacity natural gas fuelling station for fast fuelling had to be built. This fuelling station is also open to externals (private vehicles and light-duty vehicles). According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (6 refuelling stations), GPL (11 refuelling stations), methanol (4 refuelling stations) in the Augsburg area. There is listed no refuelling stations for flexifuel E85 or hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 1st July 2009 until 1st October 2010: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
- From 1st October 2010 until 1st October 2012: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st October 2012 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker - see National Scheme below.
Grants and subsidies, also for supporting the CNG fuelling station infrastructure, have been allocated by the EU, the German Federal Environment Ministry and the Free State of Bavaria. From 1996 to 2000, private vehicles were subsidized with 5,000 D-Marks (about 2551 €). At the end of 2006, 84 buses had been purchased and subsidized. At present, grants and subsidies are only allocated by the City of Augsburg:
- private vehicles 200 €
- commercial vehicles 400 €
- the 3 fuelling stations allocate a bonus for a certain amount of natural gas.
Regional Information Sources
Berlin
Status Quo:
Berlin is the capital city and one of 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Berlin has developed a highly complex transportation infrastructure providing very diverse modes of urban mobility.
According to the German Statistical Office 979 bridges cross 197 kilometres of inner-city waterways, 5,334 kilometres (3,314 mi) of roads run through Berlin, of which 73 kilometres (45 mi) are motorways ("Autobahn"). In 2006, 1.416 million motor vehicles were registered in the city. With 358 cars per 1000 inhabitants in 2008 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a German state and as a major European city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capital. In the city centre of Berlin the limit values for PM10 and nitrogen dioxide NO2 are exceeded in many major streets. The road traffic is one of the most important origins for these pollutions in Berlin’s city centre contributing ca. 40% of PM 10 and about 80 % NO2 emission.
There are a number of projects promoting clean vehicle technology. I.e. RWE and Daimler are starting with climate friendly electric vehicles in a big joint venture project which is with 100 electric vehicles and 500 charging points the world’s largest project and the first project ever which is testing the technique of electric vehicle and the infrastructure together. Within the EU-project “HyFLEET: Cute” which is part of the European initiative “Hydrogen for Transport” 14 hydrogen busses operating in Berlin. The project aims at developing and demonstrating the advantages of hydrogen buses as well as technologies and procedures for the production of hydrogen and the refuelling process. Berlin’s hydrogen fleet covers Berlin’s urban districts Spandau and Charlottenburg.
In the framework of the EU-programme, the purchase of hydrogen buses was financially supported by paying the additional costs of about 80,000 EUR of each hydrogen bus in comparison to conventional diesel buses. The Senate of Berlin also has supported the introduction of 100 CNG heavy duty commercial vehicles within the EU funded project TELLUS. The project should demonstrate the financial and technical feasibility of using this technology in commercial services.
The Berlin-Brandenburg Region is a part from the IEE project MADEGASCAR promoting CNG vehicles for public and private use. According to MADESGASCAR region report in 2007 there were about 3,000 CNG vehicles. Within the MADEGASCAR project, the amount of NGV in the region is expected to rise to at least up to 3,500. Also, it is envisaged to promote the use of home filling stations (www.phill.com) as well as the injection / usage / selling of biomethane at CNG filling stations. 14 filling stations in Berlin and 42 in Brandenburg over CNG. On average the next CNG filling stations is within 10 km reach in Berlin, in Brandenburg, this distance is longer on average. In 2008 an initivae was started in the Berlin-Brandenburg region for establishing home refuelling stations for CNG.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (23 refuelling stations), LPG (34 refuelling stations), flexifuel E85 (three refuelling stations), in the Berlin area. Currently, there are listed two hydrogen refuelling stations in the city of Berlin. One of them is at the BVG depot in Berlin-Spandau. Three others are planned for the near future. RWE as an international utility company is providing the energy from regenerative sources and also establishes the first 500 charging points of electrical vehicles within the city of Berlin.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The environmental zone includes the inner city of Berlin within the suburban rail ring which is about 88 km2 of a very densely built-up area with one million inhabitants.The following standards are set:
- From 1st January 2010 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Supported by the German Department of the Environment, the Senate of Berlin as well as the gas providers GASAG and RuhrGAS, the project, whose original name is “Tausend Umwelttaxis für Berlin”, was started in October 2000. Aim of the project was, to boost the use of CNG vehicles in Berlin. With an overall budget of about 11.5 Mio Euro, it was planned to support the purchase and operation of 1000 CNG cars and to extend the pump station network. The sponsorship focussed on taxi and driving school cars. Still today the purchase of a CNG car gets supported by GASAG, private persons are supported with 333 EUR each car, taxi companies get 1000 EUR budget for free tanking. Since the year 2009, GASAG mixes the CNG with 30% biogas to improve environmental performance.
Regional Information Sources
www.berlin.de/sen/umwelt/luftqualitaet/de/luftreinhalteplan/umweltzone_allgemeines.shtml
Bochum
Status Quo:
Bochum is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany with about 376,000 residents in 2009. It is located in the highly dense Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities of Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (6 refuelling stations), GPL (5 refuelling stations), Methanol (4 refuelling stations) in the Bochum area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 or hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zones operate in the Ruhr area covering 224km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Bonn
Status Quo:
Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany with about 319,000 inhabitants in 2009 and is located in the Cologne/Bonn Region.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (5 refuelling stations), GPL (9 refuelling stations), Methanol (7 refuelling stations) and flexifuel E85 (3 refuelling stations) in the Bonn area. There is listed no refuelling station for hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2010: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Bottrop
Status Quo:
Bottrop is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia with about 117,000 citizens in 2009. It is located in the highly dense Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities of Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (4 refuelling stations), Methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Bottrop area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently there is listed one hydrogen refuelling station in the city of Bottrop.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zones operate in the Ruhr area covering 224 km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Region Brandenburg
Status Quo:
The federal state of Brandenburg lies in the eastern part of Germany, next to the border with Poland. Brandenburg has a population of 2.5 million inhabitants. In the south of Brandenburg, four counties and the university city of Cottbus form the “Innovative Energy Region”, with 650,000 inhabitants. The region Brandenburg was one region within BEST – BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport – a demonstration project supporting the European Union’s strategy to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Brandenburg joined BEST in 2007 and in contrast to the other sites, focused primarily on introducing FFVs and E85 to private fleets.
Together with Berlin the Brandenburg region played an important part within the EU funded project MADAGASCAR. During the project period (2007 – 2009) there was an increase of gas car stock in the region by 1.250.
Fuelling Infrastructure
By the end of 2008, there were a total of 9,735 Ford FFVs in Germany, of which 1,863 were in eastern Germany. There are now six filling stations offering E85 in Brandenburg, six in Berlin and a total of approximately 250 in Germany, mostly situated in the west and northwest of the country. In Berlin are 16 natural gas filling stations in operation and all over Brandenburg more then 50.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
Initial media coverage of the introduction of E85 and FFV’s, assisted by Ford District East promotions team, was mostly favourable. This enabled local politicians to support the principal of market introduction for bioethanol and gave encouragement in promotional activities and in efforts to discuss further public support for E85 with the national government.
Regional Information Sources
Bremen
Status Quo:
The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in north-western Germany. Bremen, with a total population of 547 000 residences, has a public transport network carrying 97 million passengers per year (266 000 daily).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (4 refuelling station), GPL (7 refuelling stations), Methanol (8 refuelling stations) and flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station) in the Bremen area. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently, there is listed no hydrogen refuelling station in the city of Bremen.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
At the beginning of 2009 the city of Bremen introduced a low emission zone. This zone covers the city-centre (Altstadt, Östliche Vorstadt), a large part of the Neustadt district and a part of Schwachhausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st January 2010 until 1st July 2011: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st July 2011 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker. Enterprises located within this zone can reckon up vehicles with different emissions after committing themselves to modernise their fleet. New purchased vehicles better than EURO-4 permit longer use of elder vehicles. The result shows that voluntary agreements can enhance the effects of police law. The regulation can improve the acceptance of the environmental zone by enterprises affected. Until summer 2009 there have been approximately 20 requests and 10 contracts signed. By giving a bonus on vehicles with highest standards (better than EURO-4) the procurement of environmental friendly vehicles is promoted.
The City of Bremen promotes CNG cars to achieve a critical mass of demand for car manufacturers and the refuelling infrastructure. Within the European CIVITAS project Vivaldi, the energy agency „Bremer Energiekonsens“ and the energy-provider „swb enordia“ launched a special incentive programme for Bremen citizens and companies in January 2003. The project’s objective was to achieve 250 CNG cars on the streets of Bremen within 30 months.
Another successful element is a financial incentive of 1.000 € for private consumers and up to 2.500 € for companies per car offered by the local energy provider swb and the energy agency ‘Bremer Energie - Konsens’. The applicant is committed to fill in a logbook about refuelling, maintenance work and any potential technical problems for two years, to complete two questionnaires and to put a sticker on the car - in order to increase the awareness for that clean fuel.
The Bremer Offensive is a joint venture between the local gas supplier from Bremen (swb) and the Volkswagen Light Duty Division North. For the whole year of 2010 the VW dealers and „Bremer Offensive“ will supply for a working week a VW Caddy Eco Fuel for all interested companies . The NGV is available for all its normal working tasks. The driver can learn in this week all the advantages these vehicles can offer:
- Cheaper fuel Costs
- Driving in the otherwise forbidden „Umweltzone“ (restricted driving areas)
- Only the fuel cost has to be paid.
Regional Information Sources
Cologne/Köln
Status Quo:
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city (after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich) with about 1 million citizens and the largest city both in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (8 refuelling station), GPL (20 refuelling stations), Methanol (9 refuelling stations), and flexifuel E85 (one refuelling station) in the Cologne area. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently, there is listed one hydrogen refuelling station in the city of Cologne (Hürth).
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
Because of legal stipulations Cologne started a collection of data of exhaust fumes emission in the city centre in 2003. It was shown that in one case the PM10 limit and future limits for nitrogen dioxide has been exceeded. For that reason the local government of Cologne created a clean air plan until 2006 which includes in particular an environmental zone. The environmental zone covers the city centre of Cologne with an area of 15.1 km2 and 150,000 inhabitants. The zone started on 1st January 2008 whereas the enforcement started on 1st April 2008. The following standards are set:
- From 1st January 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Dortmund
Status Quo:
Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 587,830 (2005) makes it the 7th-largest city in Germany, and 34th-largest in the European Union. It is located in the highly dense Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities of Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (5 refuelling stations), GPL (6 refuelling stations), Methanol (1 refuelling station) in the Dortmund area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zones operate in the Ruhr area covering 224km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Dresden
Status Quo:
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. It has about 517,000 residents in 2009.
The public transport system DVBAG, the transport operator of Dresden, Germany tested and optimized the first series produced diesel hybrid bus available on the European market. The DVBAG initiated a one year project that started in spring 2007 funded by the regional council to test the hybrid bus. Total funding comprised 600`000 EUR. The tests verified performance, fuel consumption, costs, emissions and further side effects linked to the usage of hybrid buses under everyday operational conditions. A practical handbook for PT operators will be provided, allowing them to conclude on the potentials under their specific operational conditions.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (5 refuelling stations), GPL (14 refuelling stations), Methanol (4 refuelling station) in the Dreseden area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional Information Sources
Duisburg
Status Quo:
Duisburg is a German city in the western part of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is the fifteenth-largest city in Germany and the fifth-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia with around 495,000 residents in 2007. It is located in the highly dense Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities of Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (2 refuelling stations), GPL (2 refuelling station), methanol (1 refuelling station) in the Duisburg area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zones operate in the Ruhr area covering 224km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Düsseldorf
Status Quo:
Düsseldorf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and centre of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region. It has about 586,000 residences (2009). It is located in the highly dense Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities of Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (16 refuelling stations), GPL (16 refuelling station), methanol (10 refuelling station) and flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station) in the Düsseldorf area. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently there is listed one hydrogen refuelling station in the city of Düsseldorf.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 15th February 2009: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Essen
Status Quo:
Essen is a city in the central part of the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Located on the River Ruhr, its population of approximately 579,000 (2008) makes it either the 7th- or 8th-largest city in Germany.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (8 refuelling stations), methanol (5 refuelling stations) in the Essen area. There is listed no refuelling stations for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zones operate in the Ruhr area covering 224km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Frankfurt a.M.
Status Quo:
German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2009 population of 667,330. The urban area has an estimated population of 2,295,000 in 2010. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region which has a population of 5,600,000 and is Germany's second largest metropolitan area.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (3 refuelling stations), methanol (7 refuelling stations) and flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station) in the Frankfurt area. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently, there is listed one hydrogen refuelling station in the city of Frankfurt a.M. (part of the EU funded zero emission region project).
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 1st January 2010 until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2012 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
The awarding authority of Frankfurt am Main in Germany (traffiQ) placed environmentally enhanced services in public transport. In the north of the city, 20% (3.3 million km/a) of the public bus transport was tendered. Within a “pilot-tendering” throughout the EU announced in summer 2005, incentives for offers considering enhanced environmental buses were set. Four tenders filed, all of them complying with the EEV-Standard (EEV = Enhanced Environmental Friendly Vehicle) and additional enhanced noise-standards (75 dB(A) respectively 77 dB(A)).
Regional Information Sources
Frankfurt a.O.
Status Quo:
Frankfurt (Oder) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River, next to the German-Polish border. At the end of the 1980s it reached a population peak with more than 87,000 residents. The number dropped below 70,000 in 2002 and is expected to reach 58,000 in 2010.
In march 2001 the federal ministry of environment tendered the competition “Anspruchsvolle Umweltstandards im ÖPNV-Wettbewerb” (ambitious environmental standards for public transport). Caused by the age of their old buses of 11 years and its missing barrier-free design, the public transport company of Frankfurt Oder (SVF) took part at this competition, because the buses had to be replaced within the next few years. By winning the competition, the SVF could finance the new CNG busses (total costs: 6.4 million Euro) by the non-interest-bearing of the KfW (2.8 million Euro), by GVFG-aid of the federal state Brandenburg (3.2 million Euro), because the CNG buses fell below actual environmental standards, and by selling the old bus fleet (400,000 Euro).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (4 refuelling station) and methanol (1 refuelling station) in the Frankfurt (Oder) region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85, biodiesel and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional Information Sources
Freiburg
Status Quo:
Freiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It has about 219,000 inhabitants (2008)
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (2 refuelling station) and methanol (4 refuelling station) in the Freiburg region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85, biodiesel and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
The city of Freiburg has introduced restrictive environmental protection criteria / emission standard in the public procurement of vehicles for public transport and other pubic services. In 2007 the most rapid and far-reaching change towards vehicles powered by natural gas on biogenic fuels was decided. Accordingly, the tender criteria for new vehicle procurement were added to the assessment of life cycle costs, including environmental aspects. As a result, more than two-thirds of the vehicles were procured as natural gas vehicles.
Regional Information Sources
Gelsenkirchen
Status Quo:
Gelsenkirchen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the highly dense Ruhr area. Its population in 2006 was about 267,000.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (2 refuelling stations) and methanol (4 refuelling stations) in the Gelsenkirchen area. There is listed no refuelling stations for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zone operate in the Ruhr area covering 224km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Hamburg
Status Quo:
Hamburg is the second-largest city in Germany and the seventh-largest city in the European Union. The city is home to over 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg Metropolitan Region (including parts of the neighbouring federal states of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein) has more than 4.3 million inhabitants.
Hamburg is one of the partner cities for the HyFLEET:CUTE project which has been established under and is financially supported by the European Commission's 6th Framework Research Programme. The HyFLEET:CUTE project has involved the operation of 47 hydrogen powered buses in regular public transport service in 10 cities on three continents. The Project started in 2006 and concludes at the end of 2009. With 713,896 vehicle kilometres representing an 28% share (29% measured in operating hours) on the total vehicle kilometres carried out in the project. Hamburg carried out the largest work load compared with the other project partner cities (the following cities Berlin and Amsterdam had about 10%).
In late 2007, Hamburg Wasser, a bit water utility servicing the city of Hamburg, set out to purchase 80 new CNG-powered cars. The vehicles will be used in the city centre of Hamburg and help reduce overall emissions of CO2 by 20% as well as contribute to sizable annual fuel cost reductions. CNG Opel vehicles which are understood to save up to EUR 40,000 in fuel costs per year and is supported by a local voucher scheme. It is estimated that average CO2 emission reductions of 20% may be expected (Opel 2009).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (11 refuelling station), GPL (32 refuelling stations) and methanol (11 refuelling stations) and flexifuel E85 (3 refuelling stations) in the Hamburg area. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently, there are listed three hydrogen refuelling stations in the city of Hamburg. Five others are planned for the near future. According to this Hamburg is the region with the highest dense network of hydrogen stations in Europe.
Regional Information Sources
Hannover
Status Quo:
Hanover or Hannover on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen). With a population of about 523,000 (2007) the city is one of the major centres of northern Germany.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (16 refuelling station), GPL (28 refuelling stations) and methanol (10 refuelling stations) in the Hanover region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
Caused by exceeding the limits of PM10 emission and NO2 emission (apply from 2010) the local government of Hanover was in duty to create a clean air plan which includes amongst others the implementation of an environmental zone. The environmental zone covers the city centre of Hanover with an area of appr. 50 km² and about 220,000 inhabitants. The zone is bordered by main streets and motorways which are also by-passes in particular for the heavy good transport. About 3.5% of the automobiles and about 30.4% of the lorries are affected by the current step. The following standards are set:
- From 1st January 2010 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
To support the effects of the environmental zone further measurements for upgrading the air quality in Hanover are planned:
- ban on transit of lorries outweigh 12 tonnes
- lorry routing system
- developing traffic flow with preservation of pre-emption of public transport
- improvement of pavement and planting new trees
- purchasing low-emission vehicles and machinery at public companies
- public information
- traffic calming e.g. by zones with 30 km/h
Regional Information Sources
Heidelberg
Status Quo:
Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2008, over 145,000 people live within the city's 109 square kilometres area.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (4 refuelling stations) and methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Heidelberg region. There is listed no refuelling station for biodiesel, flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Heilbronn
Status Quo:
Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is completely surrounded by Heilbronn County and with approximately 122.000 (2008) residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (3 refuelling stations), flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station), GPL (3 refuelling stations) and methanol (1 refuelling station) in the Heilbronn region. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently there is listed one hydrogen refuelling station in the city of Heilbronn related to the Audi AG.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Herrenberg
Status Quo:
Herrenberg is a town in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, about 30 km south of Stuttgart with about 31,000 residents (2008).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (4 refuelling stations), flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station), GPL (1 refuelling station) and methanol (1 refuelling station) in the Herrenberg region. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Jameln / Wendland
Status Quo:
The region Wendland-Elbetal has successfully implemented numerous reference projects in the rene-wables sector. It is one of the bioenergy regions in Germany funded by the Ministry from 2009 for three years. In the mobility sector a target of 10% market share with bioenergy until 2012 and 2% in local transport was set by local government and private initiatives.
The target should be tackled i.e. by the conversion of 25% of the regional ÖPNV buses to gas fu-eled transmissions. The envisaged 8% market share in individual transport should be reached by the continued support for market introduction of bio-methane as fuel for transport (WEGAS) with the objective/result that at least every fourth new individual car license has a methane drive train. Currently in the region, 10% of the new passenger car admissions have a biogas power train while in Germany this quote is over 0.01%.
Fuelling Infrastructure
The first public service station in Germany serving biogas from renewable sources was opened in Jameln /Wendland on 22 June 2006. The construction was funded by the BMELV (German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection) as part of the project “REGION AKTIV” with a total investment of 100,000 euro. The initiative for the service station came from the “Verein Region Aktiv Wendland-Elbetal” an association of regional businesses and municipalities.
Regional Information Sources
Laupheim
Status Quo
The Town of Laupheim has a population of 19 600 with a busy industry and a workforce of 8500 people. The vehicle population in Laupheim (30.09.2009) was as follows: 1. Limousines 10,625; 2. LDV + HDV 543; 3. Buses 23; 4. Tractors 563. In May 2009 a project was started promoting the uptake of gaseous vehicle fuels, namely upgraded biogas (i.e. biomethane) and compressed natural gas (i.e. CNG), as well as the production and upgrading of biogas for vehicle fuel. The long-term objective of the project is to promote the realisation of a comprehensive network of filling stations for biomethane and natural gas.
The main target groups of the project are operators of vehicle fleets, municipal and regional authorities, and existing and potential biogas producers. The project was funded partly by the EU within the ALTER-MOTIVE initiative.
Regional Information Sources
Leipzig
Status Quo:
Leipzig is, with a population of about 519,000 (2009), the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany and in the new states of Germany. Leipzig is one of the German cities which already uses since years hybrid busses (diesel-electric) in public transport.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (11 refuelling stations) and methanol (6 refuelling stations) in the Leipzig area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city plans a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards will be set:
- From 1st January 2011 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) will be affected. All vehicles will have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Mannheim
Status Quo:
With about 311,000 (2008) inhabitants Mannheim is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (3 refuelling stations), GPL (12 refuelling stations) and methanol (3 refuelling stations) in the Mannheim region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Mühlheim a.d.R.
Status Quo:
Mülheim an der Ruhr is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany with about 128,000 inhabitants (2008). It is located in the highly dense Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities of Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (1 refuelling station) and methanol (1 refuelling station) in the Mühlheim region. There is listed no refuelling station for biodiesel, flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zone operate in the Ruhr area covering 224km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Munich
Status Quo:
Munich is the capital city of Bavaria and located on the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. There are approximately 1.35 million people living within city limits, while the Munich Metropolitan Area (including the urban areas of Augsburg, Ingolstadt, Rosenheim and Landshut) is home to over 5 million people.
In the beginning of July 2009 a regional project "Electronic mobility in Munich" was started. Mini E cars powered with E.ON energy are driving in the city of Munich and surroundings. The cars can be leased for 650 EUR a month. Within the next two years, users should determine how the vehicles of the type suitable for everyday MINI E. E.ON has installed the infrastructure of public charging stations and provides all test drivers with a sufficient number of charging possibilities. The energy is coming from hydro power and for this reason is CO2 free.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of flexifuel E85 (2 refuelling stations), biodiesel (2 refuelling stations), GPL (10 refuelling station) and methanol (10 refuelling stations) in the Munich region.
Within the "Electronic mobility in Munich"-project 13 special charging stations in downtown Munich were installed. These power stations charge the batteries very quickly again. The electricity producer comes primarily from hydroelectric.
Currently, there is listed three hydrogen refuelling stations in the city of Munich one offering public access.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008 until 1st October 2010: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
- From 1st October 2010 until 1st October 2012: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st October 2012 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Münster
Status Quo:
Münster is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia. Currently, there are around 270,000 people living in the city.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (4 refuelling stations), GPL (8 refuelling stations) and methanol (4 refuelling stations) in the Münster region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 1st January 2010 onwards: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Ulm/Neu-Ulm
Status Quo:
Ulm is a city in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg whose population is estimated of 120,000 (2006). Neu-Ulm close by is a town in Bavaria with about 53,000 inhabitants.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (2 refuelling stations), GPL (7 refuelling stations) and methanol (1 refuelling station) in the Ulm/Neu-Ulm region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
Neu-Ulm has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 1st November 2009 onwards: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Ulm has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Neuss
Status Quo:
Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and located on the west bank of the Rhine vis-a-vis Düsseldorf and has about 151,000 inhabitancies (2009).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station), biodiesel (2 refuelling stations), GPL (3 refuelling stations) and methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Neuss area. There is listed no refuelling station for hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 15th February 2010 onwards: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Oberhausen
Status Quo:
Oberhausen is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg (about 12 km) and Essen (about 13 km). The city has a population of app. 214,000 (2009).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (3 refuelling stations) and methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Oberhausen area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zones operate in the Ruhr area covering 224km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Osnabrück
Status Quo:
Osnabrück is a city in Lower Saxony, some 100 km due west of Hanover. As of 2006, its population was 163,000, making it the third-largest city in Lower Saxony.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station) biodiesel (9 refuelling stations), GPL (9 refuelling stations) and methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Osnabrück region. There is listed no refuelling station for hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 4th January 2010 until 2nd January 2011: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
- From 3rd January 2011 until 2nd January 2012: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 3rd January 2012 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Pforzheim
Status Quo:
Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119,000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (1 refuelling station) and methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Pforzheim region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85, biodiesel and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Recklinghausen
Status Quo:
Recklinghausen is the northernmost city in the highly dense Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities of Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen. It has about 119,000 inhabitants (2009).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (4 refuelling station) and methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Recklinghausen area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
A set of coordinated low emission zone operate in the Ruhr area covering 224km2, located in Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Mühlheim, Oberhausen, and Recklinghausen. The following standards are set:
- From 1st October 2008: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Regensburg
Status Quo:
Regensburg is a city (population 131,000 in 2007) in Bavaria.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (5 refuelling statione), GPL (9 refuelling stations) and methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Regensburg region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city plans to establish a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards will be set:
- From 1st January 2011 onwards: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) will be affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Reutlingen
Status Quo:
Reutlingen is a city in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2008, it has a population of about 110,000.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (5 refuelling stations) and methanol (4 refuelling stations) in the Reutlingen region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Stuttgart
Status Quo:
Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 (December 2008) while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million (2008).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (8 refuelling stations), GPL (5 refuelling stations) and methanol (5 refuelling stations) in the Stuttgart area. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed. Currently, there is listed one hydrogen refuelling station in the city of Stuttgart (airport). Furthermore, in the region the Daimler AG has two hydrogen plans and three filling stations.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- Until 1st July 2010: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
- From 1st July 2010 until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2012 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Tübingen
Status Quo:
Tübingen is a town in central Baden-Württemberg with about 85,000 residences (2008).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of biodiesel (1 refuelling station), GPL (1 refuelling station) and methanol (1 refuelling station) in the Tübingen region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set (for the entire region of Baden-Württemberg apart from Stuttgart):
- Until 1st January 2012: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker
- From 1st January 2012 until 1st January 2013: Diesel Euro 3(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Yellow Sticker.
- From 1st January 2013 onwards: Diesel Euro 4(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Green Sticker.
All diesel vehicles and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
Wuppertal
Status Quo:
It is located on the Wupper river south of the Ruhr area. Population 361,333 (2005).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station), biodiesel (2 refuelling stations), GPL (6 refuelling stations) and methanol (2 refuelling stations) in the Tübingen region. There is listed no refuelling station for flexifuel E85 and hydrogen. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The city has established a low emission zone for vehicles. The following standards are set:
- From 15th February 2009: Diesel Euro 2(PM), Petrol Euro 1 / Red Sticker.
All diesel and petrol vehicles without a closed loop catalytic converter (Euro 1 or equivalent) are affected. All vehicles must have a sticker.
Regional Information Sources
