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Info per EU policy
21.05.2013:
CityMobil2 project launches its website
20.05.2013:
CIVITAS II Policy advice notes
16.05.2013:
CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia Network established
Dijon
Status Quo:
Dijon is a city in eastern France and the capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Burgundy region. In 2020 automobile traffic in the local authority is expected to double, resulting in an increase of 1,000 cars entering the city every, day if no measures are under taken.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (24 refuelling stations) in the Dijon area. No refuelling station for biodiesel, biogas, flexifuel E85 and hydrogen are listed. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The local authority of Dijon undertook a tendering procedure as foreseen in French law in order to find an operator of public transport. The tender was awarded on 1 January 2003. In the call for tender Dijon included a rules and regulations book (in French ‘cahier des charges’) in which they included environmental criteria. The criteria focussed on pollution from vehicles and the maintenance requirements of vehicles for example, to ensure less particulate matter is emitted. This forces the operator to spend more time on the maintenance. There is also a six-monthly control for testing the smoke emitted by the buses (25% of the fleet is measured each time).
Regional Information Sources
Communauté urbaine de Dunkerque
Status Quo:
Dunkerque is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It lies 10 kilometres from the Belgian border. The population of the city are about 70,000 inhabitants; the population of the metropolitan area are about 265,000 inhabitants.
The EU funded ALT HY TUDE project led by Gaz de France intends to demonstrate the use of an innovative fuel, called hythane, a blend of natural gas and hydrogen. The project started in 2005 in the Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque (18 local authorities and 210 000 inhabitants). The opening of one refuelling station serving the public transport bus fleet took place 2006. The new refuelling station took place by the existing NGV station in order to take advantage of the NGV infrastructures, e.g. the compressed NG and the bus depot. A new H2 generator has been added. Furthermore, two new NGV buses (used for public transportation) from Iribus for the demonstration have been purchased. After a first step of experimentation the first results were finally checked on buses with passengers in order to test reliability of the solution.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (7 refuelling stations) in the Dunkerque area. No refuelling stations for biodiesel, biogas, flexifuel E85 and hydrogen are listed. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The Community has introduced in its public procurement environmental and social criteria. A provision of social inclusion is now applied to the award of all works contracts. The environmental provisions relate to the market on the paper, office supplies, lumber, paints, cleaning products, carts, bins, plastic bags, computers, copiers, domestic appliances (refrigerators), the collection and transportation of household hazardous waste and vehicles. Within the network formed with fifteen of local authorities in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais (representing half of the regional population) a methodology for joint procurement with the application of the defined environmental criteria was developed and introduced.
Regional Information Sources
La Rochelle
Status Quo:
La Rochelle is a city in south-western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean (population 70,000; conurbation 150,000, around 700 inhabitants/km2). It is the capital of the Charente-Maritime department. Largely oriented towards tourism activities, the city - one of France's most popular destination - has a large number of shops, restaurants and hotels. Involved in electro-mobility for decades, La Rochelle intends to foster the development of attractive electro mobility solutions and to raise awareness among a wide range of stakeholders (notably the main tourism actors) that there are opportunities to shift to clean vehicles. Currently, the large range of public transport modes operated by La Rochelle Urban Community (CDA LR) include several electric services, i.e. electric shuttle busses, an electro-solar shuttle boat service, LISELEC electric car-sharing system and ELCIDIS goods delivery service with electric vehicles. As regards biofuels, La Rochelle introduced Diester for the bus fleet from 1985.
In April 2008, the local authority installed a used cooking oil (UCO) recycling plant with the aim of substituting gradually PPO with recycled UCO. The recycling process in this plant is very simple and environmental-friendly, as it consists in a filtration and decantation process, without any esterification process. In order to use the produced biofuel (30% mixed with 70% gasoline), La Rochelle obtained in January 2009 - within the 1st months of EU funded BIOSIRE project (BIOSIRE aims to establish a shift towards bio-diesel and electric propulsion for fleets, ships and special vehicles in tourist areas) - the legal official approval for using UCO for specific vehicles of its administrative fleet. As it is not classified as biodiesel, derogation has been granted by the Customs Regional Office; it only applies to a very small number of vehicles within the CDA LR captive fleet (Water Treatment and Waste departments).
Within the framework of BIOSIRE, one of the objectives is therefore to optimize the production process and to develop – taking into account both the competencies of the local authority and legal framework – market opportunities on the territory of La Rochelle Urban Community. In particular, the emphasis should be put on increasing the supply side, i.e. enhancing the volume of cooking oils to be recycled as biofuel.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (18 refuelling stations), flexifuel E85 (1 refuelling station) in the La Rochelle area. No refuelling stations for biodiesel, biogas and hydrogen are listed. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional Information Sources
Community of Lille
Status Quo:
Lille is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in France (nearly 1.1 million inhabitants). Lille Metropole is an intercommunal structure (85 communes) working in close cooperation with its Belgian counterparts. It is a base for distribution and a node for major routes north-south and east-west in Europe.
The Urban Community of Lille is one of the leading parties in Europe in relation to the use of biogas in vehicles, i.e. they have co-ordinate the EU funded BIOGASMAX project creating a network of biogas-related demonstration projects throughout Europe. The project in Lille is the result of two similar projects started by the Urban Community of Lille in the 1990s. The first project included the introduction of natural gas buses and the second, the digestion of organic municipal waste and production of biomethane fuel. In 1990, the idea arose to introduce natural gas buses into the urban bus fleet. The Urban Community cooperated actively in the European Thermie programme and in 1994, Renault built a prototype bus for the Urban Community. Shortly after, five more series-produced buses followed. After a successful start, the Urban Community of Lille decided to extend the project. To supply more than 100 buses with fuel, an extension of the distribution network was needed, as well as an extension of the digestor and biogas installations.
In 1997, the Urban Community of Lille decided to acquire 20 vehicles with natural gas and 10 electric vehicles per annum during three years. The decision was taken to gradually replace most of its fleet of vehicles of service using the fuels gasoline and gas oil, by vehicles with clean energy, with natural gas and electricity. The EU funded project TRENDSETTER made it possible to accelerate the introduction of clean vehicles into the fleet in service at Lille Métropole thanks to the significant forecast of purchase of additional clean vehicles to reach quickly and if possible 220 clean vehicles.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (51 refuelling stations), flexifuel E85 (4 refuelling stations) in the Lille area. No refuelling stations for biodiesel, biogas and hydrogen are listed. A biogas station for the public transport buses is installed in the central bus depot with a capacity to serve the 152 bus max. capacity of the depot. For the electric vehicles, terminals of normal refill (5 to 6 hours for a normal refill) were installed on various Community sites thus facilitating the refill of the 34 vehicles on the territory of the Urban Community.
Regional Information Sources
Lyon
Status Quo:
Lyon is a city in east-central France in the region Rhône-Alpes, situated between Paris and Marseille. The population of the city of Lyon is 472,305. Together with its suburbs and satellite towns, Lyon forms the second-largest metropolitan area in France after that of Paris, with the population of its urban area estimated to be 1,348,832 and that of its metropolitan area 1,748,271 (2006).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (19 refuelling stations), flexifuel E85 (8 refuelling stations), biogas (2 refuelling stations) and biodiesel (1 refuelling station) in the Lion area. No refuelling stations for hydrogen are listed. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
The Greater Lyon entered a first Common Procurement project for the purchase of light duty vehicles at a European scale through the EU funded project Eurocities. Their main awarding criterion was related to the environmental performance of the vehicles, the final objective of the process being to send a signal toward the market for a greater availability of “clean technologies”. As far as the methodology is concerned, the Common Procurement was built around a very limited number of specifications (size of the vehicle, carriage, etc.), the maximum weight being given to the clean performance (whatever technology was used to reach it). Therefore, the local authorities had no problem reaching an agreement over the technical part. Regarding the juridical process, the local authorities chose to launch a coordinated procurement rather than a common one, meaning that both the specifications and the timing were the same but each authority launched its own procedure and was responsible for it.
Regional Information Sources
Nantes
Status Quo:
Nantes is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, 50 km from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth largest in France, while its metropolitan area is the eighth with 804,833 inhabitants (2008). The Nantes conurbation started to build a strategy on clean and sustainable public transport as early as the 80's.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (20 refuelling stations), flexifuel E85 (2 refuelling stations) in the Nantes area. No refuelling station for biodiesel, biogas and hydrogen are listed. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
By a convention signed in 2000, Nantes Métropole Urban Council mandated Semitan (public transport operator) to conduct a bus fleet procurement programme for the three-year period 2001-2003 where public transport service assured by non-polluting vehicles representing 70% of the provided kilometres and transport 90% of the customers. Therefore within 3 years, 125 Standard CNG buses and 30 articulated CNG buses (50 in 2001, 42 in 2002, 33 in 2003) were put in operation. Further, by the end of EU funded project VIVALDI, the average bus fleet age was 5 years.
Regional Information Sources
Nice Côte d’Azur
Status Quo
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of 71.92 km2. The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 955,000 on an area of 721 km2 (278 sq mi). Located on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, Nice is the second largest French city on the Mediterranean coast.
Despite of Paris, Nice has the highest air pollution rate in France mainly caused by road traffic. To answert to this challenge from April 2011, Nice Côte d’Azur is the first French community to implement a large-scale car sharing scheme, using exclusively electric cars. In the Nice Côte d’Azur area, 210 electric vehicles will ultimately be distributed between 70 stations. Each station will have 5 parking spaces, including 2 for electric vehicle owners. This setup will enable individuals, especially those who do not have a garage with the facilities, to access an electric recharge point. In the same way, Nice public car parks will gradually be equipped with recharge points for electric vehicles. Nice Côte d’Azur will be involved in developing the 70 stations at a unit cost of up to 40,000 EUR, which is 2,800,000 EUR in total, half of which will be provided by the government since Nice Côte d’Azur is one of 12 projects selected by the government to experiment with this scheme.
Regional Information Sources
Paris
Status Quo:
Paris is the capital and largest city of France. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region. The city of Paris has an estimated population of 2,193,031 (2007) but the Paris aire urbaine (or metropolitan area) has a population of 11,836,970 (2007), and is one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe.
Given the extent to which transport is responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, the public transport company of Paris RATP decided to promote green public transport. The RATP therefore declared its target of zero oil by 2025 for public transport. RATP's fleet of 4,000 buses (which alone accounts for a quarter of French city buses) represents 18% of the km/passengers on their networks and totals 35% of RATP's fuel consumption. In a first step RATP has refitted its entire public bus fleet) with particulate filter. This should reduce 30% CO2, or about 1,700t/year. The usage of flexifuel E85 for the public bus fleet was tested for two years on 15 vehicles. After an initial pilot phase with NGV, LNG, water-diesel fuel emulsion and diester fuel (containing RME - Rapeseed Methyl Esther), the RATP decided to significantly step up its action, not only by working on energy efficient vehicles but also by turning to biodiesel. Since 2002, RATP has been trying out diester for its bus fleet and obtained from manufacturers for a large part of the fleet. The goal is to equip a third of the buses with diester 30 starting from 2007. A test drive with diester 100 will also be launched in partnership with manufacturers and French biofuel stakeholders.
In Autumn 2011 there will be started an electro car rental system (Autolib') in the greater Parisian area Autolib' shall have available about 3,000 electro vehicles and 1,000 recharging stations. Cars can be rented and parked on each of the recharging stations. There is the aim of having about 200,000 permanent users. In montly basis usage fee of 15 to 20 EURs is planned as well as a charge of 4 to 5 EUR for 30 minutes of use.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (82 refuelling stations), biogas (2 refuelling station) and flexifuel E85 (15 refuelling stations) in the Paris area. No refuelling station for biodiesel and hydrogen are listed.
The Autolib' system will comprise 1,000 recharging stations for electro vehicles whereof 700 in the metropol region Paris (all in basement garages) and 3000 in Banlieue.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
Paris has integrated environmental components in is public procurement schema. The community has also begun to consider the issue of overall cost of its purchases from inter alia, methods of accounting environmental side effects.
Regional Information Sources
Région Poitou-Charentes
Status Quo:
Poitou-Charentes is an administrative region in central western France comprising four departments: Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne. The regional capital is Poitiers. There is a population of about 1.7 million residence (2007).
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of flexifuel E85 (2 refuelling station) in the Poitou-Charentes region. No refuelling station for GPL, biodiesel, biogas and hydrogen are listed.
Regional/Local Support Instruments for Clean Vehicles
At regional level, the Poitou-Charentes Region has committed to foster the development of electric vehicles industry through a pluriannual innovation and development programme involving - notably - the car manufacturers (Heuliez), batteries manufacturers (SAFT) and electric engines manufacturers (Leroy Sommer). In 2008, the regional authority has launched a call for tenders for the design of electrical vehicles (EVs) in urban environment. The EVs had to comply with existing safety requirements and be affordable. Three projects were selected and their development is currently ongoing: the ‘Friendly’ Heuliez, the ‘Simplicity’ (Eco & Mobilité) and the ‘Redigo’ (Dièdre Design Endeavour). The political involvement of the region towards electric vehicle industry is very strong: without the financial support of the region Poitou-Charentes and the activities deployed for recapitalizing the firm, the car-manufacturer Heuliez would have gone bankruptcy.
One of the most symbolic action considered by the region is to initiate the dialogue between local municipalities, car-rental companies and the region in order to offer users the possibility to “rent an electric car for 1 € / day” in a near or mid-term future.
The region Poitou-Charentes offers also a complementary bonus for the purchase of E85 (500 €) and of electric vehicles (amount depending of the various grants received on national level).
Regional Information Sources
Toulouse
Status Quo:
Toulouse is a city in southwest France on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. With about 1.1 mill inhabitants (2006) the Toulouse metropolitan area is the sixth-largest in France.
The city took part in the EU funded project MOBILIS aiming to achieve a 100% clean public bus fleet. One central measure was to equip at least the whole public bus fleet with last generation soot filters, in order to reduce considerably the pollutants emission. Furthermore, investigations into the feasibility of the use of bio-gas and bio-diesel have been undertaken. Toulouse aims to execute a large deployment of CNG solution. Toulouse purchased 60 CNG buses, placed a GNV filling station and launched the so-called “CNG at home” solution for private households.
Fuelling Infrastructure
According to the European Environmental Atlas there are currently refuelling stations of GPL (3 refuelling stations; on the highway E80 from/to Narbonne) and flexifuel E85 (4 refuelling stations) in the Toulouse area. No refuelling station for biogas, biodiesel and hydrogen are listed. No public charging points for electro vehicles are listed.
Regional Information Sources
